Make, Mean, Cause, Threaten 與句型轉換
繼續看 2002 UE Section C ,今次想談動詞句法與句型的問題。
請看以下句子:
The dangers of disease, corruption and civil war __(23)__ Africa an extremely difficult and dangerous continent to travel through.
A. mean
B. cause
C. threaten
D. make
毫無疑問,本題答案是 D. ;因為只有 make 一詞之句法為 V + NP + NP ,即動詞後接兩個名詞詞組,例如:
We should make our school NP a better place to study at NP.
例句中,黃色部分為動詞 make 所選取之兩個名詞詞組。當然,make 還有其他句型,包括 V + NP + VP (VP 中動詞必須為 bare infinitive) 和 V + NP + AP ,例子如下:
The new rule made students NP suffer VP (bare inf). [V (動詞) + NP (名詞詞組) + VP (bare infinitive (原形動詞))]
The new rule made students NP happy AP. [V (動詞) + NP (名詞詞組) + AP (形容詞詞組)]
在 (23) 題句子中,選擇 A. 、 B. 、 C. 之句法都不是 V + NP + NP ,其中,動詞 mean 的句法為 V + S (that-clause) , cause 的句法為 V + NP + VP (VP 中動詞必須為 to-infinitive) ,而 threaten 的句法為 V + NP 。所以,如果 (23) 題要用上 mean 、 cause 、 threaten 等其他動詞,句子必須改寫如下:
The dangers of disease, corruption and civil war mean (that) Africa is an extremely difficult and dangerous continent to travel through S (that-clause).
The dangers of disease, corruption and civil war cause Africa NP to be an extremely difficult and dangerous continent to travel through VP (to-inf).
The dangers of disease, corruption and civil war threaten Africa as an extremely easy and safe continent to travel through NP.
留意最後一句中,名詞詞組中之形容詞 difficult 和 dangerous 必須改成相反詞義,原因是動詞 threaten 解釋為“對 … 構成威脅”,句子意思為“疾病、貪污、內戰構成的危險,對非洲作為一個極度容易和安全之旅遊地點構成威脅”。






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